Ramadan Preparations: A Comparison of Oman’s Drana and Sudan’s Kham Al Ramad

In a reflection of cultural richness and communal spirit, the traditions of Oman’s Drana and Sudan’s Kham Al Ramad converge in these days preceding the holy month of Ramadan, which is expected to begin around 11 March 2024. Both traditions unfold as families come together to embark on a journey of preparation, anticipation and spiritual significance.

In Oman, in preparation for the first day of Ramadan, every family prepares the needs and requirements of the blessed month, such as food and consumables, and store them in their homes. Before the blessed month of Ramadan, each family cooks Arsiya, chicken and rice porridge, and gather to eat it in a practice called drana, meaning everyone eats. Some cook Al Kabuli, which is a steamed rice mixed with caramelized carrots and raisins as well as marinated lamb meat. 

Kham Al Ramad is a Sudanese expression, which describes an old traditional practice where on the days before the beginning of Ramadan, people gather in a festive celebration to welcome Ramadan with entertainment and recreation. Historically, elderly women used to gather to make the traditional and popular Sudanese drink, Abri and Hilu Mur, for Ramadan. On the day before the first day of Ramadan, the women would gather again to finally clean the ashes of the burnt firewood used to make the Abri. This practice is called kham (throw) al ramad (ashes).

Despite the ongoing war in Sudan, Sudanese remain steadfast in their celebration of Kham Al Ramad, embracing its cultural richness and significance with resilience.

In Sudan, at the arrival of Sha’ban, the eighth month on the Islamic calendar, heralds a number of activities within households, as families gather to partake in the old customs that pave the way for Ramadan. Central to this tradition is the preparation of traditional foods and beverages, such as Hilu Mur and Abri, which hold deep cultural significance and are enjoyed during Iftar, breakfast and the first meal to have when breaking a fast, and Rugag, a crepe-like bread with milk had as the predawn meal of Suhoor. Through these delicious foods and drinks, Sudanese families not only nourish their bodies but also enrich their heritage and strengthen familial bonds.

Similarly, in Oman, the days leading up to Ramadan are marked by the resonance of Drana, a collective endeavor that embodies the essence of preparation and anticipation for the holy month. Much like their Sudanese counterparts, Omani families unite to engage in various activities aimed at ensuring a harmonious and spiritually enriching Ramadan experience. As they gather to prepare (Ursyia) for the Holy month, the spirit of unity and reverence permeates every aspect of their preparations.

While the specifics of the rituals may vary between Oman and Sudan, the underlying ethos remains the same: to honor tradition, strengthen familial ties, and spiritually prepare for Ramadan. Whether it be through the preparation of traditional delicacies or the engagement in communal rituals, both Omani and Sudanese families uphold these values with unwavering devotion.

In essence, the traditions of Omani Drana and Sudanese Kham Al-Ramaad serve as poignant reminders of the universal themes that unite us all during Ramadan. Despite geographical distances and cultural distinctions, the spirit of preparation and anticipation for the holy month transcends boundaries, fostering a sense of kinship and solidarity among Muslims worldwide.

As we look ahead to the forthcoming Ramadan, let us draw inspiration from the rich tapestry of traditions that define our diverse cultural landscape. Whether in Oman, Sudan, or beyond, may the rituals of preparation serve as a source of unity, reflection, and spiritual fulfillment for all.

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Dr Hassan Adrob is a Sudanese based in Oman, teaching English Language and Linguistics at Red Sea University, Sohar University, and recently at (MCBS) Modern College of Business and Science. Holding MA and PhD in Applied Linguistics, he’s a CELTA instructor, participated in IELTS Training Programme, and authored four books with Eliva Press. He is active in conferences and fulfills roles as lecturer and skills leader.

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